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Solar Battery 2–30 kWh

Daily Solar Generation Estimator

kWp × Peak Sun Hours × System Efficiency = Daily kWh output

System Parameters

0.82 (includes wiring, inverter, temperature losses)
Daily Generation =—kWh/day
Monthly Generation ≈—kWh/month
Annual Generation ≈—kWh/year
Per kWp Yield ≈—kWh/kWp/year

Formula: Daily kWh = kWp × PSH × η (efficiency)

PSH: Equivalent full-sun hours per day. 1 PSH = 1,000 W/m² for 1 hour

Typical efficiency: 0.75–0.80 (budget system) | 0.82–0.88 (good system) | 0.90+ (premium)

Peak Sun Hours by Region (Annual Average)

RegionPSH (h/day)Annual kWh/kWp
UK / Northern Europe3.0 – 3.8900 – 1,100
Germany / France / Poland3.5 – 4.51,000 – 1,200
Spain / Italy / Greece5.0 – 5.81,400 – 1,700
US East Coast4.5 – 5.51,300 – 1,600
US Southwest (AZ/CA)5.5 – 7.01,600 – 2,000
China (south)4.5 – 5.51,300 – 1,600
Australia5.5 – 6.51,600 – 1,900
Middle East / Africa5.5 – 7.01,600 – 2,100

About This Calculator

What this tool does: Estimates daily solar energy production from panel power, sun hours, and system efficiency assumptions.

Core idea: Generation is irradiance-driven energy over time, not just panel nameplate wattage.

Mini Example

A 5 kW PV array at 4.5 peak-sun-hours and 80% system efficiency yields about 18 kWh/day.

Quick Literacy Notes

  • Peak sun hours vary seasonally and geographically; use month-by-month datasets if possible.
  • Soiling, temperature, and wiring/inverter losses meaningfully reduce output.
  • Use conservative design margins for winter and cloudy-period reliability.

Common Mistakes

  • Using annual average sun-hours for worst-month design.
  • Ignoring temperature and soiling losses.

Key Takeaways

  • Generation is irradiance-driven energy over time, not just panel nameplate wattage.
  • Peak sun hours vary seasonally and geographically; use month-by-month datasets if possible.
  • Avoid this mistake: Using annual average sun-hours for worst-month design.

Practical Checklist

  • Use monthly PSH data for the site instead of one annual average number.
  • Apply realistic system derate for temperature, soiling, and conversion losses.
  • Validate winter/worst-month generation against demand and backup strategy.

FAQ

Q1: Which solar input should be site-specific before daily generation estimates?

Quick Answer: Validate this first: Peak sun hours vary seasonally and geographically; use month-by-month datasets if possible.
Engineer Note: If this assumption drifts from real conditions, downstream outputs can remain numerically neat but operationally wrong. Confirm with measured or site-specific inputs before locking decisions.

Q2: What assumption most often inflates expected PV output?

Quick Answer: Avoid this first: Using annual average sun-hours for worst-month design.
Engineer Note: In practice, the next failure mode usually follows: Ignoring temperature and soiling losses. Address both together; correcting one while keeping the other often leaves the design bias unchanged.

Q3: When should I switch to month-by-month production modeling?

Quick Answer: Use this calculator for fast screening and scenario comparison.
Engineer Note: For procurement, warranty, compliance, or commissioning decisions, move to detailed verification with datasheets, measured conditions, and project constraints. Core rule: Generation is irradiance-driven energy over time, not just panel nameplate wattage.

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